Renaissance Architectural Theories

 Renaissance Architectural Theories

The development of architectural theory used by architects during the Renaissance believed that their buildings should be part of a higher order. They returned to the Greek system of mathematical proportions so that the notion of architecture emerged as mathematics which was translated into units of space. The development of Renaissance theories mostly refers to the philosophy made by Plato, Pythagoras and Aristotle. Plato's theory saw that natural beauty emerged through the existence of lines, circles, and surfaces that produced absolute geometric shapes and volumes. The Pythagorean theory is the basis for the development of comparative ratios



form the basis for architectural proportions by trying mathematical calculations to form an aesthetic. Aristotle's theory put forward the theory of space as a place and its limitations

The cosmos which then developed until the emergence of the concept of "Cartesian space". This theory states that length, width and thickness form a form of geometric regularity such as a two- or three-dimensional grid (the concept of spatial geometry). The combination of several previous theories with Vitruvius' theory resulted in the theory of proportions in the Renaissance which prioritized HARMONISM.



Proportion,


Is a comparison between each dimension so as to produce a balance of dimensions. This theory is applied based on the application of the human body through geometric and mathematical systems which produce unique forms and universal systems. Proportion Theory applied by Andrea Palladio (1508 - 1580) emphasized that there are seven rooms with the most beautiful proportions, namely "Seven Forms of Ideal Spaces Plan" (See Picture). Apart from that Palladio suggested

there are several ways to determine the correct height, for rooms that have flat ceilings, the height of the room should be 1/3 greater than the width. Palladio used Pythagoras to determine the height of a space using mathematics, geometry and harmony.

MATEMATIC: C - B / B - A = C / C for example 1,2,3 or 6,9,12

GEOMETRIC: C - B / B - A = C / B eg. 1,2,4 or 4,6,9

HARMONIC: C - B / B - A = C / A eg. 2,3,6 or 6,8,12


Pythagoras' law states that "everything is arranged according to numbers". Plato developed the Pythagorean aesthetic of numbers into aesthetic proportions by creating squares and simple number increment cubes to create additions.

double or triple increments. These series of numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, and 1, 3, 9, 27 reveal the harmonious structure of nature. The Renaissance theory developed these ratios not only in the dimensions of a space or façade, but also in the proportions of the related spaces of a sequence of spaces or an overall plan.



Balance,


This theory suggests a balance in form, dimensions and ratios. This balance is created by means of a 'Symmetric' or 'Asymmetric'. Symmetry is a special case of the 'coherence' principle of the individual elements. From this symmetry, axes are generated, which can give the impression of being formal and

religious. Symmetry in Renaissance Architecture, becomes: Symmetry with the principles of aesthetics. Pay attention to harmony (harmony), as used by Palladio or pay attention

the power of religious building symbols such as Michelangelo's works. Symmetry with Constructive principles. Using rationality with static rules to form simple spans,

order, bow, dome and others.



Geometry.


The geometry in the Renaissance theory of form, dimension and ratio applies an approach to proportion through the structure of the human body which is applied to architectural elements. The analogy between the proportions of the body and the building gives architecture a vocabulary of 'façade', 'skin

building ',' skeleton ', and the relationship between size, shape and motion in the form of' human scale '.



Perspective


Perspective Theory during the Renaissance was initiated by Brunelleschi who applied a perspective in architectural development to 'Space and Form'. This can be seen in his Piazza Del Campidoglio in Rome. The development of this perspective principle is clearly influenced by new understandings

against the optical rule.

Technology


Technology is very supportive in the development of Renaissance architectural concepts and theories. The first is carpentry, which made it easier because of the invention of the stereotomy presentation technique by Delorme (1510–1570). This technique can describe making 'bows' (vaulting) with stones

piece. This was later developed by Gottfried Semper (1803-1879) with a theory of tectonics. Semper said that the language of architecture is a hand language whose manifestation is tectonic, while space needs to be expressed through stereotomics. This hand language includes how to connect construction elements. The second is building science which issues the types of houses, followed by the development of building regulations and standards.

 

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