Renaissance Architectural Theory

 Renaissance Architectural Theory

Definition

The definition of Renaissance according to Merriam - Webster dictionary is:

"The revival of classical influences in the art and literature and the beginning of modern science in Europe in the 14th - 17th centuries, also movement or period of vigorous artistic and intellectual activity".

The Renaissance (enlightenment period) appeared after going through the medieval period or the Medieval period (Middle Age), which is commonly referred to as the dark period. It is called this because at that time there were little or no new thoughts, especially in the world of architecture, which made architectural works stop or only processed decorative elements (such as Rococo Architecture). The factor that greatly influenced the birth of the Renaissance (enlightenment) was the existence of new concepts and thoughts in the way of human perspective in life, namely by respecting human reason (personal), by no longer depending only on church leadership.

Basic Concept of Renaissance thought

The Renaissance period was a rebirth of Classical architecture, based on Classical Greek Architecture with influences from Classical Roman Architecture. The brief history of the Greeks has extensively discussed the comfortable way of life in the world. To have a good life, there need to be rules. Rules are made for

govern man and nature. Humans & Nature make "US" rules that produce understanding

"HUMANISM".

"HUMANISM" The idea that humans are able to regulate

himself and nature. (Humanism which contains 'LIBERALISM'). "LIBERALISM" The idea that humans must be free. Free to regulate himself and nature, so that humans must make rules, and rules are made with reason. This is the essence of the understanding "RATIONALISM" "RATIONALISM" The idea that says that truth is sought and measured by reason. Thus, in the end, the understanding of "Empiricism" will emerge. In essence, "HUMANISM" is a notion that aims to elevate the degree and glory of humans. This understanding underlies the appreciation of artists and their works. The Classical world, which is interested in HUMANITAS and love for beauty, uses human figures as objects, because humans are the most beautiful works of art. The notion of "RASIONALISM" underlies curiosity (coriosity) and the investigation of the nature of nature, giving rise to new sciences (Mathematics, Perspective and Anthomy). The application of these sciences forms the basis of theory applied to works of the Renaissance period.

Renaissance birth

The influence of the Renaissance developed since the early 14th century in Florence, Italy which then spread to France, Germany, England, Spain, Portugal and also to European colonies in America, Asia and Africa.

The Renaissance began as a literary work, based on the works of Petrach, Boccacio and Dante. Then followed by sculpture and painting (with some of the artists, namely Nicola Pisano, Gimabue and Giotto). Then the last is the development of architectural art. Filipo Brunelleschi (1377-1466) was the first Renaissance architect, starting as a gold craftsman, sculptor and also studying mathematics. As well as making working drawings of Ancient Roman buildings in Rome. "Ospedale Degli Innocenti" 1419 (The Founding Hospital) his first work in "Tuscan and Romanesque" style. Design

Furthermore, it shows the approach to the New Classical style, such as the tendency to "symmetrical", "proportional" and the application of "Arcade with semicircular supporting columns (arc elements)" is a characteristic of the architectural style of the Renaissance building. Meanwhile, Alberti and his Pallazio Rucellai

(1446) which has a façade with the order of pillar shapes and horizontal lines on a large flat plane this pattern is becoming popular in the future, are the two main figures.